HI egidius,
I don't have any recent experience with 78's. But I'm pretty sure that even in the early days, equalization was used. The problem was there was no standardization. Each recording company had their own recipe. So, for modern playback you can't just eliminate equalization for 78's. Instead, you need a phono preamp or full feature preamp that allows the equalization to be adjusted according to your needs.
I have seen these in the antique world but I don't know of any modern examples. I'm sure there are others here more up on this subject. But you might be faced with designing your own. That, or having a dedicated 78 system. I just don't know the alternatives.
Sparky