I wonder if the best means of temp control is with the use of Amir's Stoker Log
Let me clarify a bit. "Stoker" (and its competitor Guru) are temperature control devices. They have a probe that goes inside the smoker and measures the temp and the device then uses a small blower to control the amount of air is drawn. If the temp is low, air is sent in which increase the fire. If the temp goes up too high, then it shuts down the air and the temps eventually come back.
Now, for typical slow smoking, the process may go on for 12-16 hours. In other words, overnight. You don't want to stand next to the smoker to make sure it is working. Some people do and set alarms and such
. But for the lazy in the rest of us, you can use my stokerlog program with stoker hardware to see how your smoke is progressing from any PC. And have email notifications sent to your phone, etc. to tell you the progress or if the fire has gone out, the food has reached its target temp, etc. There are also cool things like automated temperature settings where you can program four times and temps and stokerlog automatically adjusts the temps for you. If your food reaches temp and you don't want to take it out just then, you can also tell the unit to keep it warm for you. This is useful if the meat is done at 5:00am and you wake up at 8:00am.
Finally, just like a digital camera, you get to see the results of your work. The program graphs the past, letting you know how the smoker performed and what happened to food temp. People use the graphs to ask questions, remember how they did things and in general share their results. You asked about the dampers for example. You can compare different settings this way and see how it works. Here is the UI again:
Here you see the automated timed cooking where the temps for the fire are adjusted by stokerlog. And below it, you see the temp rise in the food probes. It is educational and fun to see how that curve looks. On long smokes, you actually see it dip down in the middle and then eventually rush back up.