Micro, we're still not understanding each other, possibly my fault.
I'm not talking about a null with no controls. I'm talking about blind-tests or, controlled tests where participants report audible differences while knowing what they're listening to, DAC A or DAC B, for example, when listening sighted, first, before the blind-test begins but in the same venue, using the same system on the same day, then fail to reliably identify audible differences when they don't know what they're listening to, i.e, after the sighted tests that always precede the blind in these events - they only know they're listening to one of the things being tested at a given time, but not which one, A or B, but they fail to reliably distinguish A from B, or to be able to say which one of A or B is X, if an ABX test.
This is a result, scenario what have you that's extremely common amongst the regular forum blind A/B, or blind ABX tests.
I'm suggesting that the reason for the different reports, i.e., positive sighted but nulls with knowledge removed (same participants, same system, same day) is because of expectation bias/placebo creating false positives sighted. The controls, i.e., the subsequent removal of knowledge, do their job in these instances. The null results indicate that the reported sighted differences were simply imagined.
I'm arguing that these null results should not be rejected - and the Wiki link backs this up.
Sighted listening is only valid to each listener on a personal basis. It's never valid in terms of proof. Your typical forum run controlled blind-test is different, because of the controls, though one needs statistically relevant data for proof. Also, null results don't prove anything 100%, but they very strongly indicate no audible differences were present.
I disagree. It's not at all difficult to level match using a competent, appropriate tool. Removal of knowledge is not difficult either with a bit of planning and common sense. What else is there, in your opinion that needs controlling? Let's not forget that when participants report differences during the sighted part of a blind-test, this rules out negative expectation bias - they'd be expecting to hear differences blind.
It was a controlled blind ABX test. The listeners all reported audible differences first, before the controlled testing, between several DACs varying hugely in price. When the controlled testing started, none could reliably identify them or, what X was. A null result that should not be rejected.
I've seen many glowing reports of the Devialet but as you say, no blind-tests yet to confirm a difference in comparison to other amps.
Altough I understand your points, unless you decide to read elsewhere about controls and the statistical nature of listening tests we will go nowhere debating sighted versus blind tests - we are speaking different dialects, and I do know how to make it simpler.
Both types of listening need control mechanisms - and as referred before, audiophile challenges are a good example of how they shoul not be carried.
These debates chase their tails because we do not move outside repetition, wikipedia and forum culture. There are excellently written standards, articles by known audio writers, even by known audio designers, but very few care about them, perhaps because they are not freely or easily available.