The F. Toole book is filled with references of this "learning". Sometimes we "learn" how to ignore things - needed for the "suspension of the disbelief" .
In order to analyze this subject we must use an hierarchy to put some order in the debate - Toole refers to the Blesser and Salter (2007) perspective in his book, considering sensation, perception and meaning. From the Sound Reproduction
Sensation At the lowest level is , an indication that the organism reacts
to a sound—a detection threshold. This is probably quite well related to
physical measurements of the sound.
Perception The next level is , which incorporates cognitive processes
embracing cultural and personal experiences. Here we recognize what it
is that we heard, and perhaps initiate a process of adaptation. This
means that some features in measurements may be neutralized by
adaptation, and no longer be relevant.
Meaning At the highest level of response to sound, we attribute to the
recognition, and this can range from irrelevant to highly relevant, from
undesirable to good. Depending on the informational content of the
sound, we may choose to pay attention or to ignore it.
Boy, if that doesn't sound like psycho babble, I don;t know what does,