I have about 10 vintage tube preamps with phono stages that I have been using for the last two decades. I didn't spend too much time and effort on them, as I was happy with my VPI hw19mk4 full upgrade/ Graham 1.5t with ceramic wand / VDH black beauty with Harmon Kardon Citation I plus a custom silver step-up MC transformer from Electra-Print. My phono setup journey started this year when I decided to play around with vintage turntables for their aesthetic looks. The Garrard 301 caught my eye and then the good old Thorens TD521 ( which I auditioned for back in 2000 ) with SME 3012R got me started again. Long story short, I got half of a dozen turntables before you know it. I needed extra connections for phono input. I decided to try out Phasemation EA350 and I bought one. My first impression of the EA350 was dead quiet vs tube phono stages from these vintage tube preamp's MM. The MC stage in the EA350 was not as impressive as using the MM with my original custom silver wire step-up transformer. My search step-up transformer journey started with adding Ortofon SPU and Audio Technica Art-1000 cartridges into the new tables I got ( with a combination of Graham Phantom II, SME 3012R, and SME 3009R tonearms ) I was never satisfied with the Art-1000 as my step-up didn't have enough gain for 0.2mV. I finally got the Phasemation EA350 to pair with the art-1000 cartridge. This time the art-1000 finally plays much better with the right gain. However, the MC stage in Phasemation EA350 just doesn't have that magic I heard. I then got the well-known vintage step-up transformers that were designed for the SPU cartridges and they seem to work great. I didn't get the T-1000 or T-2000 since I am a vintage gear fan plus they only have a single gain stage. I purchased the Japanese Kanno USW-3125L, and the British Partridge TH-7834 mk2 made from the 70s and the 80s. For my curiosity, I also purchased a new British Steve and Billington silver wire step-up transformers from Empourim HiFi from the UK as I see them in eBay listings. After chatting with Nick from Empourim Hifi, he recommended 1:20 / 1:40 specs that he had on hand and it worked just right for the art-1000 cartridge finally. All of these new 3 step-up transformers have similar dual gain stages. They are great for my cartridges ranging between 0.2mV to 0.5mV. I have compared 5 MC stages and oh-boy, these step-ups all sounded great. From the lush open sound ( Kanno) to the more refined open sound ( Partridge and the silver step-up transformers ), they have brought out the best vinyl playback I have heard over the last two decades. Album after album, I enjoyed every song and completely listened to the whole album from start to end. This never happened to me before as I was usually impatiently get up and change the song. I can only imagine the EA-1200 and the EA-2000 would bring out the best. I then searched for the new MM stage and almost got the Air Tight ATE-3011. I stopped as my record collection is mostly new re-master copies. The Solid State MM is dead quiet. I love it. I know you can do the same with a better tube phono stage, but I am really satisfied with EA350 plus these different step-up transformers. Most of my audiophile friends invest more money on the turntable, tonearm, and cartridges than the phono stage and step-up device. There is no end to this. lol. I asked the one with the best turntable setups about getting better MC step-up devices, he said that most of the folks already spend too much on the turntable setup and they don't want to spend more on the step-up devices. This is the case for me if I did not compare a bunch of them side by side to acknowledge the differences. Many of my friends are afraid to open up another can of warms.