They cause some but it is negligible at audio frequencies and in normal consumer installations.Cool stuff. Guess my theory doesn't pan out. Cables are not causing any phase change vs frequency. That seems to be the conclusion here.
The times I have heard, or blind testing has proven, differences in audio cables there has always been a reason that made sense. Noise coupling, routing (which can induce noise), poor cable construction, impedance (usually resistance) too high, etc. Wire gauge matters for speaker wires, maybe power cables for high-power amps driven to the limit of the cables, and very long runs. RLC for interconnects matters for very long runs as well, as does shielding and tribology (handling noise). Handling noise for microphones. Material, plating(*), drawing, annealing, quantum effects, etc. I find hard to believe can affect an audio cable. Some dielectrics are worse than others but again I find it hard to believe they would be audible. I have measured traps and hysteresis at audio frequencies in the past and it took fun things like a screen room and fV (leaf) voltmeter. There is a lot of stuff that goes on in cables that is real, and measurable, but way more important in my day job doing GHz stuff than for audio. Cables are critical there.I'm still mystified then as to why cables can go from neutral to warm to hot and even impact PRAT. In my mind I can understand how they reduce noise, but how do they then improve clarity, add detail, etc? All this tied to wire material, wire gauge, wire drawing process, wire plating, wire annealing and dielectrics. This is about analog cables.
I took part in, and set up and ran, a number of DBT/ABX tests many years ago when I was sure I could hear every grain in the cable, and it all went away in testing, again unless there was a real issue that we found. Some cables are not well-shielded so in a high-noise environment are subject to coupled noise, poor connections can lead to noise, and ground loops are always insidious. A change in cable can shift the ground path and change the sound in ways difficult to detect, though I tend to think of that as a problem with the component and not the cable. But a cable could fix it... The vexing thing is that a cable that is better or worse might sound better when a ground loop is involved, by shifting or reducing the loop current through lower or higher impedance shielding.
One interesting thing was that listener mood had a huge impact on the perceived sound during listening sessions (not necessarily blind).
Depends on the recording and artist. Some guitar players prefer to use their own amplifiers and speaker stack as they prefer the sound; at least IME, guitarists seem to be most likely to want to hear their own system. "Color" is the name of the game in music production; I prefer a neutral playback system that lets the recording shine through -- then tweak to preference anyway.And one difference still holds true: No high powered amps or motors/speakers are in the recording chain. (Studio Monitors are not part of the recording chain. They are part of the recording process.)
My experience as an audiophile and engineer puts me at odds with the presumption of this thread, that cables can make a huge difference. Again IME that only happens when something is wrong someplace, and usually involves grounding and shielding rather than material properties of the cable. The usual response to to throw the decades of engineering and listening under the bus and blame me or my system, of course. It pissed me off no end when I discovered many of my beliefs were false, but it was really cool (to me) to learn the reasons things sounded differently.
This'll probably get me kicked off here but that's my story and I'm sticking to it. - Don
(*) An exception is CCA speaker cables I am no fan of; the copper is usually a very thin layer and can lead to connectivity problems (house wiring fires led to development of special means of connecting Al to Cu wires), and Al is significantly higher in resistance than copper. Cheaper but I will pay for copper.
Gold plating is nice to reduce oxidation, but often is so thin that it is worn away after a connection or two, and/or allows oxidation to occur naturally through pinholes in the very thin plating. I do think cable construction is important as far as connectors and such, but question if the difference between 0.99 and 0.999999 conductor purity is audible.