Modern jazz, a lot of it anyhow, seems limited to the CD format only. I don't know how this stuff sounds as I generally don't care for it. In the case of older jazz, it generally wasn't crushed to hell quite like rock/pop when it was remastered for CD, but I will say that it almost always sounds more dull to me than on vinyl. And then as a side note, there are many well-done remasters limited to vinyl only.
I have gotten heavily into jazz only the last 7 years or so, and perhaps the available CD remasters of older jazz (e.g., 50s and 60s hardbop) have gotten better over time. In any case, most of that stuff sounds dynamic and lively as hell on CD.
There are differences for sure. The Rudy van Gelder digital remasterings (Blue Note) of Lee Morgan albums sound great, but I have a cheap box set from another label where the same music sounds distant, thinner in timbre, lifeless and lacking energy. A 2012 remaster of 'Out of the Cool' by Gil Evans sounds far better than an earlier CD of the music. On the other hand, not all audiophile remasterings are great. Count Basie's 88 Basie Street album sounds much better and more lively on the regular cheap CD (from the mid Nineties I think) than on the XRCD. In general though XRCDs tend to have superior sound.