The difference between the loudest and softest sounds an LP can play is about 70 decibels (dB). CDs can handle over 90 dB. In practical terms, this means that CDs have more than 10 times the dynamic range of LPs.
I think this is over played in importance. I really don't give a crap if I can drive my audio way out of comfortable listening levels. There is a sweet spot where the system comes alive. Its probably around mid 70 db. The loudest I probably listen to my system is around 85 to 87 db.
So, why then would I care if a CD was capable of ear damaging volume levels. What I look for in good music playback is speed, natural tone, natural bass, harmonic complexity and richness, without bloat or flab. Instruments should sound like the real thing, They should project into the room and the sound stage should be tactile. Who gives a crap about hearing the smallest of a whisper I cant even hear because my room itself is too loud (windows, planes, cars). Then have that whisper turn into a jump from my seat and lower the volume experience. All the Jazz and classical I have easily fits in a pleasant volume level with its lowest and highest passages pleasantly presented. I find too many people get all tied up on math when it comes to their stereo. Its about music. Lively engaging musical involvement. Your super loud CD may for all intents and purposes be so full of noise and jitter it sound like total crap. Fatiguing and forcing everyone from the room. But hey, it plays loud so its good???????
My point is that with vinyl and digital, both can be intoxicatingly involving. In my setup at this time, the vinyl still nudges out the digital with the best source material. But its all pretty close. And with a better DAC it may flip. And with a better Phono preamp it may flip again, and again and again.