Good question.
I'm not exactly sure why, but, historically, most frequency-response plots are made with the measurement taken at 1 meter. Sensitivity is always stated at 1 meter. I suspect one of the reasons why is that most people/publications (even companies) don't have access to an anechoic chamber, so they used "gated" measurement techniques, meaning they have to be quite close to the speaker to get a decent set measurements that go fairly low in frequency. If they don't gate the measurements, they'll get room reflections, which isn't something you want.
But while measurements at 1 meter are acceptable for a small bookshelf-type speaker, for larger floorstanders you ideally want to be 2 or 3 meters back to allow the drivers to better integrate -- just look at the spread from the tweeter to the woofer(s).
At SoundStage!, we have access to a state-of-the-art anechoic chamber that allows us to measure at 2 meters, which, we believe, is far better than measuring at 1 meter. At times I've wished we could be 3 meters back, but it's not feasible. An anechoic chamber is a reflection-free environment and it costs hundreds of thousands of dollars to build. To the best of our knowledge, we're the only publication in the world to use a chamber -- others use their listening rooms, backyards, driveways, etc., which, to us, aren't acceptable places to do a reference set of measurements. This chamber also offers an isolated, low-noise environment that allows us to take accurate distortion measurements, which, as Jeff mentioned, is something almost no one else publishes, but we have for about 12 years now. In fact, I just got back from measuring 4 more speakers today.
So we're measuring at 2 meters -- but the world is used to seeing measurements taken at 1 meter. To compensate, what we do is simply measure at 2 meters but plot the results as if it the speaker was measured at 1 meter. You do this by simply adding 6 decibels. The reason for the 6dB increase is that in acoustics, for every having of distance, the output is 6dB higher. So, if something is 84dB at 2 meters, it's 90dB at 1 meter, 96dB at 1/2 meter, and 102dB at 1/4 meter, and so on.
I hope that makes sense. If not, please feel free to ask.
Thanks,
Doug Schneider
www.SoundStageNetwork.com