Headphones do dominate listening tests but that is not necessarily due to higher resolution. They main thing they do is block outside noise and let you turn up the volume. I use this routinely to hear detail in low amplitude portions of audio segment. Hard to do this with loudspeakers because the loud section will come and everyone would want to run away from home .One good entry point is the 2-mic recordings by some of the RCA Living Stereo people in the 50's. Another good entry point would be the 1970's flurry of 'binaural' recordings. Another is discussion at Stereophile et al regarding modern recordings that accomodate both. Lastly would be AES papers. There's no doubt that headphones heavily dominate listening today per capita, so the notion that modern recordings or remixes ignore headphones doesn't compute.
What I have found is that headphones cannot properly show issues in low frequency transitions. The are audible artifacts that reduce impact of bass and they are much easier to detect using loudspeakers.