I would like to dismiss the toxicity risk of the record in use/play. Very simply if the record which is a stable co-polymer (once formed the two components cannot for all practical purposes be separated) of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate, off-gassed as stated, the record would never last as long as it does/can. The ARSC Guide to Audio Preservation, 2015
https://www.clir.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/pub164.pdf commissioned for and sponsored by the National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress, states: “Vinyl discs are the most stable physical sound recording format developed to date; they can last 100 years in a controlled environment.” And, based on many 'vinyl' records now nearing 80-yrs, the likelihood of lasting >100 years with just reasonable storage practices is very high.
What does off-gas is flexible PVC of which 10-40% can be plasticizers. If the record had any significant amount of plasticizer (the RCA patent indicated 1%), it could never last as long it has. And of course, one of more notorious plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) received wide attention for its toxicity concerns in plastic bottles and the ability to be extracted, and now many plastic bottles are labeled BPA-Free. And, for those old enough, remember the ubiquitous cracked car dashboards which is another example of off-gassing/extractable plasticizer. But, to reiterate, the record has very little plasticizer and the plasticizer specified in the RCA patent (
https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/b6/ac/a3/33b9d37bfdc952/US3960790.pdf) is one that is very stable not subject to be extractable under normal conditions.
I would also like to refresh the concept that the record is elastic. During playback, especially at the high frequencies where the g-forces can exceed 500-g's (Disc cutting in theory, Hugh Finnimore, Studio Sound and Broadcast Engineering, July 1975;
https://www.worldradiohistory.com/A...ive-Studio-Sound/70s/Studio-Sound-1975-07.pdf), the record material can distort/move (Disc Phonograph Records by Dr. A. M. Max, RCA Engineer Magazine 1966-08-09,
https://www.worldradiohistory.com/ARCHIVE-RCA/RCA-Engineer/1966-08-09.pdf).
So long as the playback forces remain within the material elastic limits, it just recovers. However, if the playback forces exceed the elastic limits, then plastic (permanent) deformation occurs. This was understood >50 years ago and moving to lighter styluses-cantilever assemblies with lighter VTF, generally keeps the forces within the record's elastic limits and this has been addressed in a few articles (
https://www.aes.org/publications/anthologies/downloads/jaes_disk-anthology-2.pdf). Additionally, the nature of the stylus radius and its ability to trace groove can be very complicated as addressed in this very technical article Stylus Mass and Elliptical Points John Walton (
http://freudhoefer.de/File_Share/Walton.pdf).
Vinyl record playback is very complicated, and the math/science is not simple. Also, because of all the mechanical properties and variations thereof, every table/tonearm/cartridge 'system' along with the variations in the record composition and final pressing processing is inherently a hand-made item that in some ways replicates the natural variation we see in handmade musical instruments; and this will carry over to the final playback sound quality. Ultimately it is so different from digital there should be no comparison. Each will appeal to someone differently. Personally, when I listen to digital, my sub-conscious is aware that there is an element of it that sounds unnatural that when listening to vinyl, my sub-conscious does not register, and I generally relax more into music.
Now back to the regular programming....