A short search from europe on the international auction platform shows, that a decent NOS pair of 12AX7 is minimum of $100 (including postage to europe) and it easily goes up from there to several hundreds. I don't see this as a cheap option, because in a minimal preamp, there are some other tubes employd. And that means, the whole NOS tube set will cost maybe $200 or more. This price will have to pay for the gear itself, many people do buy audio gear that isn't much more expensive. For those people, it simply isn't a good fit to advise to buy those NOS tubes.For example, U.S. made small signal tubes from the 1950s and 1960s like 12ax7, 12au7, 12at7, 6dj8/6992, 6SN7, 6sl7, etc where made in the millions by companies like RCA, Sylvania, Tung Sol, Raytheon and GE. These are often overlooked by tube rollers who are more interested in European tubes by famous companies like Mullard, Telefunken, Amperex, Brimar, Siemens, GEC, and Phillips. The American tubes are in most cases competitive and a big step over most current production.
Yes, there have been produced millions of electron tubes, but the stock that has been survived until today, some decades later, is just minimal.
And there is a legion of audiofools after those legendary famous tubes, thats why they skyroked in prices.
Many of the ordinary tube guys were leaving this treasure hunt, because its often risky, too. When purchasing for a price of $100, I would expect to receive a real NOS tube, measured and from a person, which is trustworthy. But try to find those tubes, its not that easy. The data they will give for the tubes parameters are often fake, and with every new tube measurement gear they differ a lot.
Sellers just want to hide that a NOS tube sometimes isn't that NOS as they will advertise them. Because they will sell used tubes for a higher value as NOS tubes. Thats the game they play today.
From the term itself, this tube should have never been used. But sellers see it a little different, they think that even a used tube with NOS values or what they think are NOS values, is new old stock, even when its been a used one. And what a NOS tube data for a given tube is, that could be everything in the range of "still usable" to "like new".
Thats why many are having taken a step back and went from NOS tubes to new production. Its cheaper, its a reliable purchase, you will get warranty and you know, that tube has been tested and isn't a used one. If not satisfied, you can return it.
The sleeper tubes are most often types with different ratings, different amplifications, different heater voltage, anything can be a little different.
Those tubes simply won't fit the original gear and so they are still being available in quantity, nobody wants them and they are cheap. This stuff is only for the DIY designers, not for the people who purchase plug and play tube gear.